What is an Operators in SQL?
An operator is a reserved word or a character used mainly in
an SQL statement's WHERE clause to perform operation, like comparisons and
arithmetic. Operators are used to specify conditions in an SQL statement and to
serve as conjunctions for multiple conditions in a statement.
- Arithmetic operators
- Comparison operators
- Logical operators
SQL Arithmetic
Operators:
- + Addition - Adds values on either side of the operator
- - Subtraction - Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand
- * Multiplication - Multiplies values on either side of the operator
- / Division - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand
- % Modulus - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder
SQL Comparison
Operators:
- = Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.
- != Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.
- <> Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.
- > Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
- < Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
- >= Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
- <= Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
- !< Checks if the value of left operand is not less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
- !> Checks if the value of left operand is not greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
SQL Logical
Operators:
- ALL: The ALL operator is used to compare a value to all values in another value set.
- AND: The AND operator allows the existence of multiple conditions in an SQL statement's WHERE clause.
- ANY: The ANY operator is used to compare a value to any applicable value in the list according to the condition.
- BETWEEN: The BETWEEN operator is used to search for values that are within a set of values, given the minimum value and the maximum value.
- EXISTS: The EXISTS operator is used to search for the presence of a row in a specified table that meets certain criteria.
- IN: The IN operator is used to compare a value to a list of literal values that have been specified.
- LIKE: The LIKE operator is used to compare a value to similar values using wildcard operators.
- NOT: The NOT operator reverses the meaning of the logical operator with which it is used.
- OR: The OR operator is used to combine multiple conditions in an SQL statement's WHERE clause.
- IS NULL: The NULL operator is used to compare a value with a NULL value.
- UNIQUE: The UNIQUE operator searches every row of a specified table for uniqueness (no duplicates).
